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Medications For Anxiety Disorder and Depression Many people find that medications aid in managing anxiety. However they aren't the only solution. Exercise and psychotherapy can also be effective treatments. Certain antidepressants, such as SSRIs (citalopram, Lexapro, fluoxetine, Prozac, paroxetine, Zoloft) also help with anxiety. Others, such as histamine blockers such Vistaril (hydroxyzine) can also provide relief. Antidepressants Your doctor could prescribe medication to treat depression. Antidepressants are among the most commonly prescribed drugs are available in a variety of kinds. The type you choose by your doctor is based on the severity of your symptoms as well as any other medical conditions you suffer from, as well as your treatment goals. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are among the most commonly prescribed antidepressants. These medications alter the way that your brain's nerve cells communicate. They work by increasing the number of neurotransmitters that are present in your brain which helps improve your mood and reduces anxiety. It can take up to several weeks before antidepressants start working and you should be patient. Benzodiazepines are also prescribed by your doctor to treat anxiety or depression. They are extremely fast-acting drugs and can be used as a short-term solution to alleviate the immediate symptoms of anxiety and depression. Examples of benzodiazepines are lorazepam and alprazolam. They block the action of adrenaline and noradrenaline, which are hormones that play a role in the fight or flight reaction. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are an older antidepressant type that can be effective in treating anxiety and depression. They are usually prescribed to patients who have not responded to other antidepressants. They also require changes in diet in order to avoid hypertensive interactions caused by the amino acid tyramine. If you're taking an antidepressant prescription, tell your doctor about any other medications you're taking, such as supplements and vitamins. You may have to decrease the dosage if other medications are affecting how well antidepressants work or if they cause side effects. If you suspect you're having thoughts of suicide, get assistance immediately by a health professional. You may have different symptoms for anxiety and depression or you may have comorbid anxiety and depression. People who have comorbid depression and anxiety suffer from a worse medical prognosis than those who suffer from either disorder on their own. Certain psychiatric medications have been shown to be particularly helpful in treating both disorders in people with comorbid depression and anxiety. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines can relieve anxiety symptoms, like alprazolam, clonazepam, chlordiazepoxide diazepam and lorazepam. These drugs act on the central nervous system's benzodiazepine receptors which are protein molecules comprised of five transmembrane subunits which form a benzyl chloride channel in the center. The benzodiazepine-receptors also possess one that binds to the inhibitory neurotransmitter Gamma aminobutryic type A (GABA A). The benzodiazepines function by increasing the concentration of GABA-A, thereby decreasing the activity of the nerve and relaxing muscles. The benzodiazepines have a fast onset of action, but they pose a risk of dependence and addiction. Antidepressants, anticonvulsants and antipsychotics and buspirone all have a longer time to take effect, however they are the best choice for long-term use, as they don't cause tolerance or create addiction. Depression is often found to be a comorbidity of anxiety disorders, and antidepressants can help reduce the depressive symptoms associated with underlying anxiety. However, many people with depression experience a mixture of both anxious and depressive symptoms and will require an array of medications and talk therapy to control all their symptoms. In these cases benzodiazepines are often utilized for a short period of time to control depression or anxiety symptoms while other medications take effect. These medications are usually prescribed for a short amount of time, but not on a daily basis. These medications should not be used for prolonged periods of time as they can cause withdrawal symptoms, such as shaking or difficulty sleeping. Tell your doctor if you have ever had any issues with dependence, addiction, or mental health. Your doctor will be able to talk to you about possible side effects, and suggest other medication if necessary to treat depression. Benzodiazepines can create serious and potentially life-threatening issues when you take too much or have not previously taken them. If you are nursing, pregnant or have any history of liver disease, digestive or respiratory disorders your doctor may suggest lower doses or limit the duration of treatment with these medications. Alcohol can interact with benzodiazepines and can increase the chance of developing side effects and dependence, therefore you should avoid drinking alcohol while taking them. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are a medication to control anxiety symptoms. They are a different type of drug than benzodiazepines, such as Xanax, and they are able to block receptors that adrenaline binds. They also reduce the activity of the nervous system and brain. They can be used in lieu of benzodiazepines that are more addictive and have an increased risk of dependency. Beta blockers are often prescribed for heart ailments, and can be helpful in treating anxiety because they reduce blood pressure and slow down the heart rate. They are not FDA-approved for treating anxiety disorder. They are prescribed “off-label” to treat anxiety disorders. They are an excellent option if other antianxiety medications don't work or have unacceptable adverse side consequences. They are particularly effective in cases of social and performance anxiety, where uncomfortable physical symptoms can be experienced during events that trigger anxiety. They can also be employed in conjunction with other treatment options like CBT or SSRIs. They are especially effective as an adjunct therapy for people with GAD. GAD is characterized by constant and frequent anxiety that can hinder daily activities. They can also assist in managing physical symptoms of anxiety, such as an increased heart rate or sweating. Beta-blockers can help ease physical symptoms of anxiety, but they do not address underlying mental issues that contribute to the condition. They are recommended as a supplement to other treatments like SSRIs and benzodiazepines. It is essential to discuss your medical history and other health concerns with your doctor before taking beta-blockers. The use of these medications has been linked to a reduction in suicidal and psychiatric hospitalisations however, the outcomes vary by specific psychiatric diagnosis and past psychiatric history. In some patients, they can increase the risk of having cardiovascular events. There are a few natural products that have beta-blocker properties, however they aren't as effective as prescription medications. These include antioxidants, garlic, saffron, and potassium. These natural products are not fully understood. Certain of these products can cause serious side-effects, so it's best to consult a physician prior to taking these supplements. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs work by altering the way your brain works. They inhibit the monoamine oxide enzyme, which breaks down chemicals like norepinephrine, serotonin and other chemicals that allow your brain cells communicate with each other. By blocking monoamine oxide, MAOIs allow more of these chemical messengers to stay in your brain. This enhances brain cell communication and improves your mood. These drugs are also effective for treating anxiety disorder s. This includes agoraphobia mixed depression and anxiety states. However, they are less efficient in the case of anxiety that is pure and may not be helpful in panic attacks. The effectiveness of MAOIs has been linked to the fact that they boost levels of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters are naturally produced in the body are released into the bloodstream where they travel to nerves cells and function as messengers. Iproniazid was the first antidepressant to be developed in 1950. It inhibited monoamine oxidease. This led to other MAOIs, such as tranylcypromine isocarboxazid and fluoxetine, which are known to treat depression. MAOIs are usually prescribed after other types of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, have been tried without success. MAOIs can cause serious withdrawal symptoms if abruptly stopped. They can also have dangerous interactions with food and drugs. A newer MAOI called a selective, irreversible MAOA-A inhibitor is being researched for its use in treating depression resistant to treatment. It is not recommended to be used in bipolar disorder since it may cause manic symptoms. Selegiline, a brand new MAOI (also known as Zelapar or Eldepryl) is being studied for treatment of Parkinson's disease. It blocks monoamine oxidase but it does not affect other enzymes that break down levodopa, the primary treatment for Parkinson's. These drugs can be used in conjunction with other antidepressants. In some patients, the MAOIs could cause a reaction involving increased neuromuscular excitability and hyper-reflexia. This may manifest as eyelid twitching, as well as other signs. These reactions are more prevalent when these medications are taken together with certain foods such as aged cheeses and preserved meats.